Geological changes refer to the processes and events that shape the Earth's surface over time. These changes can be caused by a variety of factors, including plate tectonics, erosion, volcanic activity, and climate change. Geologists study these changes to understand the Earth's history and predict future events, such as earthquakes and landslides. By analyzing rock formations, fossils, and other geological evidence, researchers can reconstruct the Earth's past environments and track how they have evolved over millions of years. This research area is important for learning more about the planet's dynamic and ever-changing nature.